Science Crystals

Aim: To learn about a saturated solution and how to make crystals

Definition of solution: 

A liquid mixture, when something is dissolved into a liquid (eg: sugar in water) 

Definition of saturated: 

Having or holding as much as can be absorbed of something (when no more sugar or borax can be dissolved into the water)

In groups of three you will make three different types of crystals and compare the results.

Borax Crystals

Ratio; 3 Tablespoons Borax per 1/2 cup water

Materials

1) Popsicle stick

2) Cup

3) Warm water

4) Borax

5) Spoon

Process

Step 1: Grab a cup of glass

Step 2: Put 3 tablespoons of borax and 1/2 cups of water

Step 3: Add ingredients  to the cup 

Step 4: Mix it together with your Popsicle stick

Step 5: Tie your string to your Popsicle stick

Step 6: Make a star with your pipecleaner, tie this to the string
Step 7: Put your star into the borax and water solution 

Sugar Crystals

Ratio: 1 cup sugar to 1/2 cup water

Materials

1) Sugar

2) Cup

3) Warm water

4) String

5) Popsicle stick

Process

Step 1: Get a cup

Step 2: Measure 4 tablespoons worth of sugar into your cup

Step 3: Add water to the cup 

Step 4: Mix the solution with the Popsicle stick

Step 5: Tie the string onto the Popsicle stick

Step 6: Dip the string into the cup and lay the Popsicle stick on the rim of the cup

Salt Crystals

Ratio: 4 Tablespoons salt to 1/2 cup water

Materials

1) Salt

2) Cup

3) string

4) tablespoon

5) Popsicle stick
6) Warm water 

Process

Step 1: Obtained the cup 

Step 2: Put four tablespoons of salt into the cup

Step 3: Pour the warm water into cup

Step 4: Get the Popsicle stick for stirring 

Step 5: Stir till the you cant see the salt 

Step 6: Then tie the string on the Popsicle stick

Step 7: Now place the Popsicle stick on this rim of the cup

Findings

Describe your crystals in the table below.

Crystal Type	Shape (Describe the shape)	Size (of individual crystals)	Hardness (Crumbly to Rock Hard)
Borax	No shape	No size
Sugar	No shape	No size	little crumbles on the bottom
Salt	Little colony's on the side of the Popsicle stick and around the string.	small shards	Hard

What crystals worked out best and why?:

Conclusion:
Salt is the only one that works consistently. ________________________________________________________________________

CRYSTAL TYPES

AIM: TO LOOK AT THE 7 DIFFERENT TYPES OF CRYSTALS

Salt Crystals

Sugar Crystals

Borax Crystals

7 different crystal shapes

The 7 types of crystals

Type	Number of sides	2 examples	Image
Triclinic Definition:	7	Pineapple, kid house
Monoclinic Definition:	10	Diamond, emerald MC
Orthombic Definition:	6	Butter,Xbox power battery
Trigonal Definition:	10	coffin, Diamond
Hexagonal Definition:	8	Lego, bugs eyes
Cubic Definition:	6	Gamecube Rubiks cube
Tetragonal Definition:	12	rocket ship, diamond

Explain how the following crystals are formed?

Type
Salt	Through sea water being evaporates into the salt by the sun
Sugar	Sugar cane is cut up then rolled very hard till it turns into juice, the juice gets heated up then syrup is added then crystallisation starts
Snowflakes

Household Chemicals

Aim: To learn the names of 10 household chemicals, their elements, and reactions with other substances.

Equipment:

1. Dishwashing Detergent

2. Lemon

3. Salt

4. Vinegar

5. Sugar

6. Air Freshener

7. Onion

8. Lemonade

9. Bleach

10. Baking Soda

Task 1: Put the chemicals in a chart with the titles - Name, Chemical ingredient(s), Image, Solid/Liquid/Gas.

Name	Chemical	Image	Solid/Liquid/Gas
Salt	Sodium Chloride		Solid

COMPOUNDS, MIXTURES AND REACTIONS

Aim: To combine two compounds to see if there is a reaction.

Definitions:

1. Element; A single form of a chemical 
2. Compound: A mixture made up of 2 or more elements
3. Reaction: A process in which chemicals mix together to form a new substance.
4. Mixture: When two or more elements are mixed together.

Task 2: Place your household chemicals from your first chart into a second chart that has two compounds together. An example has been made below. 

Note: You will need to use the internet to find out how these compounds react together.

Compounds	Method	Observation of reaction
Vinegar Baking Soda	A teaspoon of the baking soda was placed in a cup. 3 teaspoons of vinegar were then placed into the cup.	The mixture bubbled, fizzed and overflowed.

When a reaction occurs between compounds / elements there is always an end result in the form of a solid/liquid or gas. This always results in a new element being formed. For this process to occur, one of the results can be hot or cold.

Task 3: What is the reaction that results when these compounds are mixed?

1. Golden syrup and Baking Soda:
2. Baking Soda and Vinegar:
3. Bleach and Vinegar:
4. Gummy Bears and Potassium chlorate: